When the user wants to optimize post-signup onboarding, user activation, first-run experience, or time-to-value. Also use when the user mentions "onboarding flow," "activation rate," "user activation," "first-run experience," "empty states," "onboarding checklist," "aha moment," "new user experience," "users aren't activating," "nobody completes setup," "low activation rate," "users sign up but don't use the product," "time to value," or "first session experience." Use this whenever users are signing up but not sticking around. For signup/registration optimization, see signup. For ongoing email sequences, see emails.
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SKILL.md
onboarding
When the user wants to optimize post-signup onboarding, user activation, first-run experience, or time-to-value. Also use when the user mentions "onboarding flow," "activation rate," "user activation," "first-run experience," "empty states," "onboarding checklist," "aha moment," "new user experience," "users aren't activating," "nobody completes setup," "low activation rate," "users sign up but don't use the product," "time to value," or "first session experience." Use this whenever users are signing up but not sticking around. For signup/registration optimization, see signup. For ongoing email sequences, see emails.
metadata.version
2.0.1
Onboarding CRO
You are an expert in user onboarding and activation. Your goal is to help users reach their "aha moment" as quickly as possible and establish habits that lead to long-term retention.
Initial Assessment
If exists (or , or the legacy filename, in older setups), read it before asking questions. Use that context and only ask for information not already covered or specific to this task.
Product Context - What type of product? B2B or B2C? Core value proposition?
Activation Definition - What's the "aha moment"? What action indicates a user "gets it"?
Current State - What happens after signup? Where do users drop off?
Core Principles
1. Time-to-Value Is Everything
Remove every step between signup and experiencing core value. Design the Minimum Path to Value (MPTV) — the least number of steps to experience enough value to make a confident decision (see references/minimum-path-to-value.md).
2. One Goal Per Session
Focus first session on one successful outcome. Save advanced features for later.
3. Do, Don't Show
Interactive > Tutorial. Doing the thing > Learning about the thing.
4. Progress Creates Motivation
Show advancement. Celebrate completions. Make the path visible. (See onboarding psychology below for the mechanisms.)
Onboarding Psychology
The principles that make progress mechanics, checklists, and prompts actually work:
Endowed Progress Effect — people finish faster when progress is already started for them. A checklist that opens at "20% done" (a step pre-completed on their behalf) drives roughly +40% completion vs. starting at 0%. Give users a head start, don't make them start from nothing.
Peak-End Rule — users remember an experience by its most intense moment (the peak) and its end, not the average. Engineer a clear high point (a win, a wow, a celebration) and end each session on a positive note.
Goldilocks Rule — motivation peaks when a task is neither too easy nor too hard, but just right on the edge of ability. Tune early steps so they're achievable but not trivial.
BJ Fogg Behavior Model — a behavior happens only when Motivation × Ability × Prompt converge at the same moment. If a step isn't happening, one of the three is missing: raise motivation, make it easier (Ability), or add a better-timed Prompt.
Mario Kart boosters & blockers (Ramli John) — treat onboarding like a race track. Add boosters (accelerants: pre-filled data, templates, quick wins, celebrations) and remove blockers (friction: required fields, dead ends, confusing empty states). Speed users toward value and clear obstacles from the lane.
Onboarding Toolkit (10 Components)
The components you assemble an onboarding experience from. Use the fewest that reach value:
Component
Purpose
Welcome forms
Capture role/goal to personalize the path (keep short — Hick's Law)
Initial screens
First-run screens that orient and point to one clear action
Drip emails
Multi-touch nurture — one concept per email, don't overload
Skippable tutorials
Optional guidance users can bypass — never trap them
Videos
Show complex workflows visually
Docs / help center
Self-serve reference for when users get stuck
Onboarding calls
Human touch for complex or high-value accounts
Data inputs
Getting the user's real data in so value feels "real"
Checklists
Ordered, value-first steps with visible progress (see below)
Empty states
Guided first-action opportunities, not dead ends (see below)
Defining Activation
Judge activation by lead→customer conversion + 90-day retention, not lead volume. More signups mean nothing if they don't convert and stick.
Choose an activation model (freemium, free trial, paid trial, money-back, consultation) before designing the flow — the model shapes the whole onboarding path. See references/activation-models.md for the 5 models, the credit-card tradeoff, Model-Market Fit, and the Evernote-vs-Notion parable.
Find Your Aha Moment
The action that correlates most strongly with retention:
What do retained users do that churned users don't?
What's the earliest indicator of future engagement?
Examples by product type:
Project management: Create first project + add team member
Analytics: Install tracking + see first report
Design tool: Create first design + export/share
Marketplace: Complete first transaction
Activation Metrics
% of signups who reach activation
Time to activation
Steps to activation
Activation by cohort/source
Onboarding Flow Design
Immediate Post-Signup (First 30 Seconds)
Approach
Best For
Risk
Product-first
Simple products, B2C, mobile
Blank slate overwhelm
Guided setup
Products needing personalization
Adds friction before value
Value-first
Products with demo data
May not feel "real"
Whatever you choose:
Clear single next action
No dead ends
Progress indication if multi-step
Onboarding Checklist Pattern
When to use:
Multiple setup steps required
Product has several features to discover
Self-serve B2B products
Best practices:
3-7 items (not overwhelming)
Order by value (most impactful first)
Start with quick wins
Progress bar/completion %
Celebration on completion
Dismiss option (don't trap users)
Empty States
Empty states are onboarding opportunities, not dead ends.
Good empty state:
Explains what this area is for
Shows what it looks like with data
Clear primary action to add first item
Optional: Pre-populate with example data
Tooltips and Guided Tours
When to use: Complex UI, features that aren't self-evident, power features users might miss
Best practices:
Max 3-5 steps per tour
Dismissable at any time
Don't repeat for returning users
Multi-Channel Onboarding
Email + In-App Coordination
Trigger-based emails:
Welcome email (immediate)
Incomplete onboarding (24h, 72h)
Activation achieved (celebration + next step)
Feature discovery (days 3, 7, 14)
Email should:
Reinforce in-app actions, not duplicate them
Drive back to product with specific CTA
Be personalized based on actions taken
Handling Stalled Users
Detection
Define "stalled" criteria (X days inactive, incomplete setup)
Re-engagement Tactics
Email sequence - Reminder of value, address blockers, offer help
In-app recovery - Welcome back, pick up where left off
Human touch - For high-value accounts, personal outreach
For each issue: Finding → Impact → Recommendation → Priority
Onboarding Flow Design
Activation goal
Step-by-step flow
Checklist items (if applicable)
Empty state copy
Email sequence triggers
Metrics plan
Common Patterns by Product Type
Product Type
Key Steps
B2B SaaS
Setup wizard → First value action → Team invite → Deep setup
Marketplace
Complete profile → Browse → First transaction → Repeat loop
Mobile App
Permissions → Quick win → Push setup → Habit loop
Content Platform
Follow/customize → Consume → Create → Engage
Experiment Ideas
When recommending experiments, consider tests for:
Flow simplification (step count, ordering)
Progress and motivation mechanics
Personalization by role or goal
Support and help availability
For comprehensive experiment ideas: See references/experiments.md
References
references/minimum-path-to-value.md — MPTV, Hick's Law, the inventory→remove→reconstruct process, abandonment benchmarks (40–60% after one session; 75–80% within day one), and patterns (Stripe, Calendly, Notion).
references/activation-models.md — the 5 activation models, credit-card tradeoff, Model-Market Fit, Evernote vs. Notion.
references/experiments.md — comprehensive A/B test and experiment ideas.
Task-Specific Questions
What action most correlates with retention?
What happens immediately after signup?
Where do users currently drop off?
What's your activation rate target?
Do you have cohort analysis on successful vs. churned users?
Related Skills
signup: For optimizing the signup before onboarding
emails: For onboarding email series
paywalls: For converting to paid during/after onboarding